Пример реализации работы с NFC в Android — tech

NFC stands for Near Field Communication, it is a short-range wireless technology that enables the communication between devices over a distance of less than 10 cm. The NFC standard is defined in ISO/IEC 18092. NFC tag is a sticker or some small objects embeded with a chip that can store small amount of data.Depending on how the chip is programmed for the smartphone, it can change various settings, launch apps and perform certain actions just by holding your phone close to it.

The following are the bare minimum code for creating an Android Application for reading from a NFC tag and writing to it. You will need to know the basics of creating an Android application and you need to have NFC enabled device and a NFC tag. To enable NFC on your android device, go to settings -> More -> and enable it. NFC tags costs from $1 to $2.

In manifest.xml, add the following. The uses-permission and uses-feature tags should belong to the manifest tag. The intent-filter and meta-data tags should go into the activity tag of the Main Activity.

<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.NFC" />
<uses-feature android:name="android.hardware.nfc" android:required="true" />


<intent-filter>
    <action android:name="android.nfc.action.NDEF_DISCOVERED" />
    <category android:name="android.intent.category.DEFAULT" />
    <data android:mimeType="text/plain" />
</intent-filter>
<meta-data
    android:name="android.nfc.action.TECH_DISCOVERED"
    android:resource="@xml/nfc_tech_filter" />

nfc_tech_filter.xml, this file should go into the xml folder in the res, create the xml directory in the res if it is not yet created.

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<resources xmlns:xliff="urn:oasis:names:tc:xliff:document:1.2">
    <tech-list>
        <tech>android.nfc.tech.Ndef</tech>
        <!-- class name -->
    </tech-list>
</resources>

activity_main.xml, the layout file for the MainActivity

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    android:layout_width="fill_parent"
    android:layout_height="fill_parent"
    android:orientation="vertical" >

    <TextView
        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:text="Write a message: ">
    </TextView>

    <LinearLayout
        xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:layout_marginTop="20sp" >

        <EditText
            android:id="@ id/edit_message"
            android:layout_width="wrap_content"
            android:layout_height="wrap_content"
            android:layout_weight="2"
            android:hint="message" />
        <Button
            android:id="@ id/button"
            android:layout_width="wrap_content"
            android:layout_height="wrap_content"
            android:layout_weight="1"
            android:text="Write" />
    </LinearLayout>
    <TextView
        android:id="@ id/nfc_contents"
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        />
</LinearLayout>

MainActivity.java

public class MainActivity extends Activity {

    public static final String ERROR_DETECTED = "No NFC tag detected!";
    public static final String WRITE_SUCCESS = "Text written to the NFC tag successfully!";
    public static final String WRITE_ERROR = "Error during writing, is the NFC tag close enough to your device?";
    NfcAdapter nfcAdapter;
    PendingIntent pendingIntent;
    IntentFilter writeTagFilters[];
    boolean writeMode;
    Tag myTag;
    Context context;

    TextView tvNFCContent;
    TextView message;
    Button btnWrite;

    @Override
    public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
        context = this;

        tvNFCContent = (TextView) findViewById(R.id.nfc_contents);
        message = (TextView) findViewById(R.id.edit_message);
        btnWrite = (Button) findViewById(R.id.button);

        btnWrite.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener()
        {
            @Override
            public void onClick(View v) {
                try {
                    if(myTag ==null) {
                        Toast.makeText(context, ERROR_DETECTED, Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();
                    } else {
                        write(message.getText().toString(), myTag);
                        Toast.makeText(context, WRITE_SUCCESS, Toast.LENGTH_LONG ).show();
                    }
                } catch (IOException e) {
                    Toast.makeText(context, WRITE_ERROR, Toast.LENGTH_LONG ).show();
                    e.printStackTrace();
                } catch (FormatException e) {
                    Toast.makeText(context, WRITE_ERROR, Toast.LENGTH_LONG ).show();
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            }
        });

        nfcAdapter = NfcAdapter.getDefaultAdapter(this);
        if (nfcAdapter == null) {
            // Stop here, we definitely need NFC
            Toast.makeText(this, "This device doesn't support NFC.", Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();
            finish();
        }
        readFromIntent(getIntent());

        pendingIntent = PendingIntent.getActivity(this, 0, new Intent(this, getClass()).addFlags(Intent.FLAG_ACTIVITY_SINGLE_TOP), 0);
        IntentFilter tagDetected = new IntentFilter(NfcAdapter.ACTION_TAG_DISCOVERED);
        tagDetected.addCategory(Intent.CATEGORY_DEFAULT);
        writeTagFilters = new IntentFilter[] { tagDetected };
    }


    /******************************************************************************
     **********************************Read From NFC Tag***************************
     ******************************************************************************/
    private void readFromIntent(Intent intent) {
        String action = intent.getAction();
        if (NfcAdapter.ACTION_TAG_DISCOVERED.equals(action)
                || NfcAdapter.ACTION_TECH_DISCOVERED.equals(action)
                || NfcAdapter.ACTION_NDEF_DISCOVERED.equals(action)) {
            Parcelable[] rawMsgs = intent.getParcelableArrayExtra(NfcAdapter.EXTRA_NDEF_MESSAGES);
            NdefMessage[] msgs = null;
            if (rawMsgs != null) {
                msgs = new NdefMessage[rawMsgs.length];
                for (int i = 0; i < rawMsgs.length; i  ) {
                    msgs[i] = (NdefMessage) rawMsgs[i];
                }
            }
            buildTagViews(msgs);
        }
    }
    private void buildTagViews(NdefMessage[] msgs) {
        if (msgs == null || msgs.length == 0) return;

        String text = "";
//        String tagId = new String(msgs[0].getRecords()[0].getType());
        byte[] payload = msgs[0].getRecords()[0].getPayload();
        String textEncoding = ((payload[0] & 128) == 0) ? "UTF-8" : "UTF-16"; // Get the Text Encoding
        int languageCodeLength = payload[0] & 0063; // Get the Language Code, e.g. "en"
        // String languageCode = new String(payload, 1, languageCodeLength, "US-ASCII");

        try {
            // Get the Text
            text = new String(payload, languageCodeLength   1, payload.length - languageCodeLength - 1, textEncoding);
        } catch (UnsupportedEncodingException e) {
            Log.e("UnsupportedEncoding", e.toString());
        }

        tvNFCContent.setText("NFC Content: "   text);
    }


    /******************************************************************************
     **********************************Write to NFC Tag****************************
     ******************************************************************************/
    private void write(String text, Tag tag) throws IOException, FormatException {
        NdefRecord[] records = { createRecord(text) };
        NdefMessage message = new NdefMessage(records);
        // Get an instance of Ndef for the tag.
        Ndef ndef = Ndef.get(tag);
        // Enable I/O
        ndef.connect();
        // Write the message
        ndef.writeNdefMessage(message);
        // Close the connection
        ndef.close();
    }
    private NdefRecord createRecord(String text) throws UnsupportedEncodingException {
        String lang       = "en";
        byte[] textBytes  = text.getBytes();
        byte[] langBytes  = lang.getBytes("US-ASCII");
        int    langLength = langBytes.length;
        int    textLength = textBytes.length;
        byte[] payload    = new byte[1   langLength   textLength];

        // set status byte (see NDEF spec for actual bits)
        payload[0] = (byte) langLength;

        // copy langbytes and textbytes into payload
        System.arraycopy(langBytes, 0, payload, 1,              langLength);
        System.arraycopy(textBytes, 0, payload, 1   langLength, textLength);

        NdefRecord recordNFC = new NdefRecord(NdefRecord.TNF_WELL_KNOWN,  NdefRecord.RTD_TEXT,  new byte[0], payload);

        return recordNFC;
    }



    @Override
    protected void onNewIntent(Intent intent) {
        setIntent(intent);
        readFromIntent(intent);
        if(NfcAdapter.ACTION_TAG_DISCOVERED.equals(intent.getAction())){
            myTag = intent.getParcelableExtra(NfcAdapter.EXTRA_TAG);
        }
    }

    @Override
    public void onPause(){
        super.onPause();
        WriteModeOff();
    }

    @Override
    public void onResume(){
        super.onResume();
        WriteModeOn();
    }



    /******************************************************************************
     **********************************Enable Write********************************
     ******************************************************************************/
    private void WriteModeOn(){
        writeMode = true;
        nfcAdapter.enableForegroundDispatch(this, pendingIntent, writeTagFilters, null);
    }
    /******************************************************************************
     **********************************Disable Write*******************************
     ******************************************************************************/
    private void WriteModeOff(){
        writeMode = false;
        nfcAdapter.disableForegroundDispatch(this);
    }
}

Complete example in Github